> I observed that N. ceranae infection significantly reduced honey bee
longevity in the laboratory but did not influence overall colony health or
strength in the field.

This was also my early conclusion, and I have never treated my operation
with fumagillin.  Yet, in one trial which I started with colonies already
infected with N ceranae and a virulent strain of IAPV, there was much lower
mortality in the group which I treated with fumagillin.  There was only one
replicate, so hard to draw conclusions.

However, excellent research by Dr Steve Pernal in Canada certainly suggests
that N ceranae was strongly linked to colony mortality there.  Ditto with
independent research by the Baton Rouge Lab and by Dr Dennis vanEngelsdorp.

So I've shifted my opinion on the degree of morbidity caused by nosema
infection.

-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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