>
> From the link-
> To demonstrate the method, 33 samples of bees from different
> regions of Poland were
> analysed for pesticide residues. In all, 14 insecticides and three
> fungicides were detected. Of
> these, two groups of insecticides were most commonly found:
> pyrethroids (e.g.
> cypermethrin and bifenthrin) and organophosphates (e.g.
> chlorpyrifos and dimethoate).
> Cypermethrin was found in 51% of the samples. Zeta-cypermethrin was the
> most toxic form
> of cypermethrin identified and was found in 33% of the bee
> samples in concentrations
> varying between 0.002 to 0.528 micrograms per bee. This
> represents 89 to 26385%,
> respectively, of the acute contact toxicity value, LD50 (the amount of
> pesticide that kills 50%
> of the exposed population).
>
From the M Frazier US study of pesticides found-
Almost 60% of the 259 wax and 350 pollen samples contained at least one
> systemic pesticide, and over 47% had both in-hive acaricides fluvalinate
> and coumaphos, and chlorothalonil, a widely-used fungicide. In bee pollen
> were found chlorothalonil at levels up to 99 ppm and the insecticides
> aldicarb, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid, fungicides boscalid,
> captan and myclobutanil, and herbicide pendimethalin at 1 ppm levels.
> Almost all comb and foundation wax samples (98%) were contaminated with up
> to 204 and 94 ppm, respectively, of fluvalinate and coumaphos, and lower
> amounts of amitraz degradates and chlorothalonil, with an average of 6
> pesticide detections per sample and a high of 39. There were fewer
> pesticides found in adults and brood except for those linked with bee kills
> by permethrin (20 ppm) and fipronil (3.1 ppm).
>
Bill Truesdell
Bath, Maine
***********************************************
The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned
LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to:
http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html
|