> Re the invasion of N ceranae, a question was raised to me as to why it took a while for it to go epidemic after its original invasion.
Unlike with varroa, African bees, etc, we have no idea how or when this "invasion" occurred. N. ceranae may have been widespread but undetected for decades, and became prevalent as an opportunistic infection due to stressors such as varroa, virus, or pesticides (or all of these). Correct me if I am wrong
Pete
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