Bill is wondering: if the honey in the wintering colonies in Canada are high ash!
No most Canadian beekeepers feed mostly sugar syrup or some feed high fructose syrup as winterfeed. I don't think that is high ash. One major difference I am finding is that bees stay confined for a long period during winter  in many places in Canada. This  situation might be a key difference for nosema.


Medhat

Dr. Medhat Nasr
Alberta Provincial Apiculturist
Pest Surveillance Branch
Crop Research and Extension
Agriculture and Rural Development
17507 Fort Road NW
Edmonton, AB T5Y 6H3 Canada
Tel: 780-415-2314             Fax: 780-422- 6096
E-mail:  [log in to unmask]

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