> The Yugo queens were similar to the Russian bee (traits) but similar to carniolan *in my opinion* rather than Italian.

The Yugo queens *were* Carniolans:

Fourteen colonies of Apis mellifera carnica, were used in this study eleven of which
were derived from daughters of queens from three colonies which had survived an
initial Varroa infestation.

The extreme range of infestation rates from over 60% (colony 39) to under 5%
(colony 124) is especially interesting. This variation may reflect a heritable attribute
of honey bees. It it does, selecting for stocks of bees which only support smaller
populations of Varroa jacobsoni may prove feasible (Kulincevic & Rinderer 1985).

Kulincevic, J. M., and Thomas E. Rinderer. (1988) "Breeding honey bees for resistance to Varroa jacobsoni: analysis of mite population dynamics."

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