> Although experts have been fingering

> nosema as a big problem ever since Furgala and maybe before, I have
> never been able to pin any of my own problems on it and that is after
> looking carefully a time or two.
>

Frustratingly, I find the same.  My data only shows a limited correlation
between nosema level (as long as it's not too high) and loss of colony
strength over winter.  I'm eager to see what the Monsanto data shows.

On the other hand, there is a ton of evidence suggesting that infection by
nosema is far from harmless.

Ingemar Fries suggests that nosema is more of a problem for bees at the
cold ends of their range.  This agrees with Medhat's assessment.  My data
also supports the cold/nosema link.

I find Allen's observations from Alberta to be of interest, since his bees
are clearly exposed to an extended cold winter.

-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

             ***********************************************
The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned
LISTSERV(R) list management software.  For more information, go to:
http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html