"Every management technique must yield some benefit. And the benefit should outweigh the downside or cost". That goes for both economics and evolution. In the playing field between these things bees and beekeepers will be selected for survival. We will see how it is in 40 years. I don't consider comb to be equipment but a bee product. I am pretty close to skep beekeeping dynamics, colonies are mainly on their own wax history, when they are split they start a new history in an empty box like they do when they swarm.  Lennard
 

  		 	   		  
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