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Subject:
From:
Ghislain De Roeck <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Tue, 8 Jan 2013 09:51:24 +0100
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Against the current, I know ...
http://www.boerenlandvogels.nl/sites/default/files/JEIT-D-12-00001_0.pdf


Summary

Outbreaks of infectious diseases in honey bees, fish, amphibians, bats and
birds in the past two decades have coincided with the
increasing use of systemic insecticides, notably the neonicotinoids and
fipronil. A link between insecticides and such diseases is
hypothesised. Firstly, the disease outbreaks started in countries and
regions where systemic insecticides were used for the first time,
and later they spread to other countries. Secondly, recent evidence of
immune suppression in bees and fish caused by neonicotinoids
has provided an important clue to understand the sub-lethal impact of these
insecticides not only on these organisms, but probably
on other wildlife affected by emerging infectious diseases. While this is
occurring, environmental authorities in developed countries
ignore the calls of apiarists (who are most affected) and do not target
neonicotinoids in their regular monitoring schedules. Equally,
scientists looking for answers to the problem are unaware of the new threat
that systemic insecticides have introduced in terrestrial
and aquatic ecosystems.
'Immune Suppression by Neonicotinoid Insecticides at the Root of Global
Wildlife Declines', 
by Rosemary Mason, Henk Tennekes, Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Palle Uhd Jepsen


Kind regards,

Ghislain De Roeck
Belgium

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