Looks like the academics are still trying to figure this out! http://theconversation.com/long-live-the-queen-bee-but-if-she-doesnt-the-colony-will-prevail-16619 PeterD in south west Western Australia, where spring is slowly cranking into gear *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html