> ‘Apistan provided 100% control in South Carolina whereas in Georgia it
> provided 0% control in colonies treated exclusively with Apistan. In the
> presence of a bottom screen Apistan-treated colonies in Georgia experienced
> an average mite control of 44.3%.’
>

All that showed was that Apistan could still drop mites, but not kill them.
So any mechanism (smoke was another method along with FGMO) that could drop
mites would keep the population down a bit, but try going into winter with
the remaining 55.7% of Varroa that was left.

Bill Truesdell
Bath, Maine

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