Imadicloprids, as well as GM technologies, are now used in a variety of countries and crops. 
Massive bee losses, however, have been largely restricted to Europe and the US. 

In Spain, fibronil and imidicloprid were found to have NO connection with bee mortality. 
Nosema has been definitely connected, as have varroa and numerous viral pathogens.

Short communication. The detection of Israeli Acute Paralysis virus
(IAPV), fipronil and imidacloprid in professional apiaries
are not related with massive honey bee colony loss in Spain

E. Garrido-Bailón1, R. Martín-Hernández1, J. Bernal2, J. L. Bernal2,
A. Martínez-Salvador3, L. Barrios4, A. Meana5 and M. Higes1*

1 Bee Pathology Laboratory. Centro Apícola Regional. JCCM. 19180 Marchamalo. Spain
2 IU CINQUIMA. Analytical Chemistry Group. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Valladolid.
47011 Valladolid. Spain
3 Department of Epidemiology. Animal Health and Livest Co. (Tragsega). 28006 Madrid. Spain
4 Statistics Department. CTI. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. 28006 Madrid. Spain
5 Animal Health Department. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28040 Madrid. Spain

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2010 8(3), 658-661

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