> Nosema infection can lead to poor colony growth and poor winter survivorship. Nevertheless, N. ceranae is widespread in both healthy and declining honey bee colonies and its overall contribution to honey bee losses is debatable.
 -- PLoS Pathogens | www.plospathogens.org 1 June 2009 | Volume 5 | Issue 6

* * *

The addition of fumagillin as a preventative measure in hives where
the asymptomatic presence of N. ceranae has been diagnosed,
does not solve any problem, but merely increases costs, and risks
unnecessarily contaminating hive products with this antibiotic or
its subsequent metabolites.

When there are no factors such as
climate, inadequate nutrition, inadequate control of V. destructor
or unsuitable management, causing immunosuppression in the
bees, colonies do not collapse.

There has been a high survival rate of hives in all of Spain
during 2006 and 2007, which have been rainy years with normal
climactic conditions and good flowering of plants.

It is concluded that environmental and husbandry
factors play an important role in colony collapse.

Journal of Apicultural Research and Bee World
47(1): 84–86 (2008) © IBRA 2008

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