What I question is: where is the proof that nosema ceranae is harmful in northern climates and where is the proof that fumagillin is beneficial at all? Fumagillin is banned by EU and cannot be a good idea in any case, due to potential for residue and resistance. It is foolish to use antibiotics without strong justification. 

All the research I have done on essential oils point to thymol as the most effective. How it is to be delivered is another matter. I am not certain I would want my bees to *eat* it, but it is apparently not harmful in pollen supplements. Honey bee healthy is just a fad, IMHO. No studies show any benefit, other than the obvious benefit of stimulative feeding.

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