Nosema disease and tracheal mites were
apparently the least damaging factors, while
higher fatality cases were associated with
varroa mites either alone or in combination
with other factors (> 85%), followed by low
bee populations associated to other factors

The relative weight of nosema disease in
the mortality of overwintered colonies is a
controversial matter. However, there is no
conclusive evidence to affirm that Nosema is
an important factor in the recent honey bee
die-offs worldwide.

It is possible however,
that the same honey bee parasites may
cause varying degrees of damage depending
on their geographical locations.

It is relevant to highlight that surviving
colonies had mean varroa infestation levels
lower than 3%

Varroa destructor is the main culprit for the death
and reduced populations of overwintered honey bee
(Apis mellifera) colonies in Ontario, Canada
www.apidologie.org

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