Randy:

>This paper suggests that a very late pollen flow or feeding
>may actually be detrimental to wintering.

Certainly not my experience.  Availability of pollen late in the year 
produces a flush of young bees that overwinter well.  In 2007 we had an 
extremely wet autumn with little pollen coming in - losses were 30%; in 2008 
we had a good open spell when the ivy was in flower - losses were 14%.
Best wishes

Peter Edwards
beekeepers at stratford-upon-avon.freeserve.co.uk
www.stratford-upon-avon.freeserve.co.uk/

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