>I have heard of chalkbrood supposedly stopping AFB which in my experience is not right. There is some research on this topic by Feldlaufer, Lusby, Knox and Shimanuki, published in Apidologie I posted two URL's about this, but Aaron didn't publish them. Here there are again: http://home.euphonynet.be/archief_bijen/gezondheid/inhibitionAF.pdf and http://home.euphonynet.be/archief_bijen/gezondheid/inhibitionAF2.pdf Ghislain. ******************************************************* * Search the BEE-L archives at: * * http://listserv.albany.edu:8080/cgi-bin/wa?S1=bee-l * *******************************************************