Brian wrote:
>>>>>My understanding is that the jurry is still out on the effectiveness of
Fumidil on Nosema ceranae. Like there is no solid study from a researcher
only field observations from beekeepers in EU. 

No/Yes? anybody comment? <<<<<<


I worked on this angle when I was writing about this. If you Google Mariano
Higes, eventually you'll come to a small well-done study that cleaned up
Nosema Ceranae in three treatments. This was presented at a meeting in
Switzerland. http://web.uniud.it/eurbee/Proceedings/Diseases.pdf


In another place it was noted that it was likely that it had been present in
France for years. A Dr Paxton has a paper coming soon in the Journal of
Invertebrate Pathology that will state that it's about everywhere. I suspect
we are just finding it now, but it's been around. 

Dick Marron 

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