> I find up to 20% are not viable.
> These cells are capped over and have a brownish tip but otherwise look
> normal. I hold them up to the sunlight and if I cannot see a pupae I cull
> them and open them up to find an off white larvae turning to brown.

Send samples to an appropriate diagnostic lab and ask to have them checked
for black queen cell virus.

Trevor Weatherhead
AUSTRALIA

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