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End date of exportation from Germany is an absolute. Manganese is way to
valuable in steel making (highest wartime priority) to waste it on glass.
During World War II in Arkansas, the War Department (now euphemistically
called the Defense Department) had oversight over all mining activities.
Only those contributing to the war effort were allowed to continue and
Manganese was one of these. (Pfeiffer, Michael A., Chapter Nine: The
Manganese Mill (3PL342) in Stewart, et. al., 1995 Archaeological
Investigations in the Southern Ouachita Mountains: Excavations at the Shady
lake Recreation Area and Vicinity. Arkansas Archeological Survey Project
856 Final Report). The mill was only active for short periods in 1942-45
because it was economically unviable during peacetime.
US steel companies started making huge numbers of war supplies such as the
pattern 14 Enfield, bayonets and other steel war implements in 1914.
Unless someone can show that there were huge overstocks of Manganese from
Germany in 1914 that were not purchased immediately for steel making
(probably at grossly inflated war time prices), I would not bet a plugged
nickel that ANY of the German Manganese was left over for such things as
clarifying glass by January 1915.
Therefore, although I can not PROVE that Manganese was not used in glass
clarification after 1914, it reamins highly unlikely. BTW, one of the
best short descriptions of glass and it colors is still the 1985 Parks
Canada Glass Glossary by Olive Jones and Catherine Sullivan.
Smoke.
Smoke (Michael A.) Pfeiffer, RPA
Ozark-St. Francis National Forests
605 West Main Street
Russellville, Arkansas 72801
(479) 968-2354 Ext. 233
e-mail: [log in to unmask]
It is easier to get forgiveness than permission.
MarkBranst@ao
l.com To: [log in to unmask]
Sent by: cc:
HISTORICAL Subject: Re: Sun Colored Amethyst Glass
ARCHAEOLOGY
<HISTARCH@asu
.edu>
01/24/02
08:08 AM
Please
respond to
HISTORICAL
ARCHAEOLOGY
In a message dated 1/24/2002 9:03:08 AM Eastern Standard Time,
[log in to unmask] writes:
The process was used from the 1890s and ended exactly in 1914 with the
beginning of World War I.
Smoke, I've heard you say "ended exactly in 1914" before, and it still
makes me very uncomfortable. Always skeptical about absolutes, unless you
have industry-wide documentation that says "all our supplies dried up as
soon as the war started in Europe." Perhaps that documentation exists?
Mark Branstner
Great Lakes Research, Inc.
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