Brick streets were (and are still) certainly used in Northern cities - I
am in Michigan and we have them all over the place. Brick pavements last
pretty well when set properly on a sand base (not mortared) and not
subjected to heavy truck traffic or poor drainage.

I'm trying to understand the question asked on "patterning" -- do you
perhaps mean the type of bond?  Or do you mean different colors of brick
laid to make a pattern?  I have sometimes seen modern brick pavements
with different colors used to mark crosswalks, but can't recall seeing a
historic one.

The bond type would generally be dictated by the proportion and size of
the brick used.  The two types of bond most often used in pavements
would be stack (bricks laid to match all corners, row by row) and
running (bricks laid 1/2 brick length apart in rows).  I would guess
that between trolley tracks the distance between tracks plus the size of
the brick involved may have affected the direction of the brick - one
strives to reduce the amount of brick cutting and waste.

And as to why a municipality wouldn't want to salvage and re-sell brick?
 I would, having been asked repeatedly why the State of Michigan doesn't
salvage building materials and re-use them in other buildings, suggest
the following:  1) cleaning up the brick  (if mortared) is
labor-intensive and the city doesn't have staff available to do it  2)
storing the brick takes a lot of room and costs money 3) inventorying
and selling the brick is likely more trouble to the city than it would
be worth 4) the demolition contractor can, with my blessing, give me a
better quote for the demo and clean, store and sell the brick himself,
if he thinks there's any money to be made.

Lots of well-meaning DIY'ers go to demo sites and take demo'd brick home
and try to use it in a patio.  What they eventually discover is that the
brick generally used in walls will quickly spall and deteriorate when
used as pavement.  You can see this in fern bars, where the interior
wythe brick is exposed as it was never meant to be -- look at how soft
and porous it is.

Irene Henry, RA, NCARB