Dear Leonard and Bee-L'ers"
   I have seen brood (perhaps only as much as a 4-5 inch wide circle)
both in the USA and in Central Spain, (it gets pretty cold here), in the center of the cluster. That is not enough to give any one reason to
worry (except that it provides a continuous source for future genera-
tions). The reason to worry comes from the fact that since the bees
are pretty much stationary and that they do not groom themselves, the
mites stick to them in wait for the "real" brood season to start so
that they can start to "descend" on the new brood cells. Hence, the
need to provide treatment as soon as necessary depending your
geographical/weather conditions.
  We put on our last fresh emulsion soaked cords just before the
winter sets in, so that there will be a fresh source of oil as soon
as the bees become active and start to remove the cords.
Best regards.
Dr. Rodriguez

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