Pat: I've emailed privately with others about this, but I must respectfully publicly disagree about pumped milk being the same as straight from the breast. Honestly, we just don't know from a research perspective HOW IT IS THAT BABIES COMMUNICATE THEIR DIFFERENT NUTRITIONAL, IMMUNIOLOGICAL, and other needs to the breast; but we do know that breastmilk changes based upon these needs. It is not simply a matter of the frequency of pumping or at-breast feeding, there are believed to be on-site receptors at the breast that send messages to the pituitary gland in the mom. When babies go through growth spurts (the simplest example) they not only increase their time and frequency at the breast, but they actually change their pattern of suckling. IMNHO, no pump could EVER simulate or even anticipate the needs that the baby-breast complex achieves virtually effortlessly (after those first weeks and barring the beasty yeasties). As always, I enjoy your posts and find them stimulating. Chris Chris Hafner-Eaton, PhD, MPH, CHES, IBCLC email: [log in to unmask] HSR & Health Educational Consultant *********************************************** The LACTNET mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software together with L-Soft's LSMTP(TM) mailer for lightning fast mail delivery. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html