Chris , I so agree with what you say: It's my impression that measuring milk output has got us into lots of trouble in the past century. It has allowed people to see human milk and man-made substitutes as equivalent. "You can measure formula; you can measure human milk; so they must be pretty much the same stuff." I just want to say again that I think one century is not the time frame of this confusion. If you cast your eye back, you will see that since humans domesticated animals there has been a pressure to use milk products in a variety of way. Not all peoples who have domestic animals use the milk, but it is common. An interesting view of the possible meanings of the use of animal milk is in Kastrup in Maher, ed. "the Anthropology of Breastfeeding". I think the trend to see the two substances as similar and interchangable began with the domestication of animals. I keep saying this because I think it helps us to face squarely the dimensions of the task we have on our hands, which is combatting a view which has been around for millenia, not just a hundred years or so. Magda Sachs The Breastfeeding Network Saddleworth, Greater Manchester, UK