I am trying to find research to substantiate the recommendation that breastfed babies and children only need to fast for 2 - 3 hours prior to general anesthesia or sedation or research that describes breastmilk as a "clear liquid". There ar many articles that say 2 or 3 hours NPO for clear liquids--but breastmilk is not included in the list of clear liquids--and is usually lumped with "milk", requiring a longer fasting time. (I already have the article by Litman--in Pediatric Anesthesia from 1994 which discusses gastric emptying time and pH in breastfed infants prior to surgery (and the commentary)--but that is the only research article I have found. You may e-mail me privately or through Lactnet. TIA, Jeannette Crenshaw