If we position that formula and bottle feeding, are only a predominant method of feeding over the past 150 years or so... Then the vast majority of babies prior to this date, were breastfed. That would include Genghis Khan, all the Ceasars, including Caligula and people like Pontius Pilate and Herod. Who knows, Hitler might have been breastfed, certainly many of his generals were. The invading European armies in North & South America, who decimated the local peoples, were all breastfed. Every single mother who foot bound her baby daughter in China, was breastfed, and many breastfeeding the baby as she bound the infant feet. If we look at Africa, as a continent, and some of the countries currently in never ending genocide, the majority proportion of the young men killing, raping and torturing young women today, were breastfed. Many of the young men putting tyres around the necks of other young men, and setting fire to them, were breastfed. Breastfeeding has to be pretty entrenched in a culture, for an invading soldier to cut the lactating breasts off a mother prior to raping her, in order to make sure she never feeds her own baby again. These atrocities do happen, and they happen at the hands of young men who were breastfed. Some of them are children, taught to murder as young as 7 or 8. In the Continuum Concept, Leidloff cites another indigenous tribe, side by side with the one she lived with. In that tribe, the mothers breastfeed only when the babies screamed with hunger, took the breast away the second the baby came off, carried the babies in wicker baskets and did not touch them, and weaned abruptly at six months. She describes this tribe as being aggressive and nasty. I can look at that and see a 'survival of the fittest' scenario, for surely many of these babies sickened and died. Many of our breastfeeding cultures treat babies harshly, and look away when they die. Some still bury children alive in the forest, if they have survived with a blemish or impairment. Currently, a lot of breastfed as babies adults are hammering nails into the heads of their breastfed children to let the demons out. Breastfeeding does not make nicer people. Love, security, respect and tolerance make nicer people: usually. Lack of breastfeeding may impact on some. However, breastfeeding itself, will not obviate a cruel and unforgiving childhood. Ask the Ezzos. As we keep saying, it's not the nutrition, it's the love... the love is not exclusive to breastfeeding, nor impossible without it. If you are breastfed and baby worn for the first three years of life, but also see your father beat your mother every day, and get a sound beating yourself if you don't do as your told, and forcibly weaned overnight... are you going to be a nicer person for being breastfed? Or has breastfeeding no hope of overcoming cruelty and degradation? If you have love, respect, tolerance and gentleness AND breastfeeding, are you automatically going to be a nicer person? I think the odds are good, but they are only odds. Someone reading this, knows their alcoholic, abusive rapist son, who is in jail, had all this going for them, and still turned down the wrong path. Just like someone else in here is married to a man dragged up by his boot straps by an abusive family, formula fed and left to CIO, and beaten.. but who is a wonderful loving partner and superb father. Just like many of us are breastfeeding through our own pain over our own childhoods, and looking at other women who had great childhoods who are formula feeding, and we weep inside for what their child is missing out on. I'm pretty sure in my mind that a breastfed on demand, bed shared, baby worn and self weaned child is going to be calmer and more resilient and more responsive to others, than a baby from the same background who wasn't breastfed. As that baby is going to have had a lot more skin to skin, have been held more, had more independent experience of having their needs met, and filling them themselves, and is biologically hard wired for calm. They're also going to have made every scrap of their genetic inheritance count. But I do know such kids who were bottle fed, as their mother worked her ass off making sure the baby was securely attached and was always met by responsive parenting. But the responsively parented breastfed one will have that extra calm, usually. All you can do is put it in place and hope the odds bounce right on yours! Lack of breastfeeding certainly represents a 'lack' in a childhood. Thankfully, as a species, individuals are good at overcoming 'lack' with perseverance. But it is exceptionally painful to watch the kids with the 'lack' in the playground, next to the ones with the normal experience. I just switch my mind to the future for those kids, and wonder how many will successfully overcome their lack and turn out just fine. This also means closing down the future health bit, and wondering which ones are going to intensive care, or the graveyard, sooner than they might have otherwise gone. That hurts far more than seeing their less resilient playground activities. The thought that the child on the slide is going to drop with a heart attack from lack of breastfeeding when he is himself a father to a young baby... oh boy, that chills me to the bone. All our kids deserve all they can be. We have got a pretty clear history behind us, of murder, violence, war, rape, torture and suffering. All by people who were breastfed. Good job we've also got a clear history of love, striving, excellence, respect, compassion and gentleness. All by people who were breastfed. Humans! Contrary, terrifying, uplifting. :-) All we can do is play the odds... and hope. (Some might say pray!) Morgan Gallagher *********************************************** Archives: http://community.lsoft.com/archives/LACTNET.html To reach list owners: [log in to unmask] Mail all list management commands to: [log in to unmask] COMMANDS: 1. To temporarily stop your subscription write in the body of an email: set lactnet nomail 2. To start it again: set lactnet mail 3. To unsubscribe: unsubscribe lactnet 4. To get a comprehensive list of rules and directions: get lactnet welcome