I don't know that this will be helpful as it does not specifically mention gangs, but it does focus on low-income, urban, minority women and their children (perhaps looking at the complete study will be more helpful). http://www.llli.org/docs/OutcomesApril2006.pdf (scroll to bottom of page 31, Parent-Child Relationships) Freyja, Fort Collins, CO *********************************************** Archives: http://community.lsoft.com/archives/LACTNET.html To reach list owners: [log in to unmask] Mail all list management commands to: [log in to unmask] COMMANDS: 1. To temporarily stop your subscription write in the body of an email: set lactnet nomail 2. To start it again: set lactnet mail 3. To unsubscribe: unsubscribe lactnet 4. To get a comprehensive list of rules and directions: get lactnet welcome