Denise you wrote, "Wow thanks very much for the link to the single bottle pasteurisation kit - that's really good. That should be promoted to mothers who have HIV. " What should be promoted to HIV positive mothers is exclusive breastfeeding, particularly in resource poor areas of the world. Pasteurization of human milk kills most of the lactoferrin. Lactoferrin is the component so many companies around the world are patenting for use in drugs, vaccines and infant formula. Human lactoferrin is known to inactivate bacteria, viruse, fungi, etc. While there are other components in human milk that mostly survive pasteurization and help protect the infant such as IgA, I believe that the loss of lactoferrin would be detrimental. There are patents for the use of human lactoferrin for CMV (have posted on this several times before). Does seeing a virus in human milk mean that breastfeeding should be stopped? I suggest we are not looking at the whole picture of how human milk works. How does human milk work within the infant's whole body? Issacs, et al. in patent # 4997851 states that "human milk becomes active against enveloped viruses [hiv is an enveloped virus] after storage at 4 degrees, 23 degrees, and -20 degrees C. and also in the gastrointestinal tract. Looking in a microscope at the product--human milk, will never give us the whole picture of how human milk works or does not work. It is only a part of the picture. Valerie W. McClain, IBCLC *********************************************** The LACTNET mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software together with L-Soft's LSMTP(TM) mailer for lightning fast mail delivery. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html