>Most of us have seen women whose nipple tissue has been damaged by cheap, >commercial grade pumps that create negative pressure in excess of safe >levels (vis a vis E. Egnell's research in the 50's). This reminds me: the rationale for using commercial-grade pumps that I was taught emphasized that better pumps have higher pressure. Cheaper pumps, which often use much lower pressures, do more damage because they have long (sometimes 1 minute or more) cycles (or in the case of hand pumps, do not cycle). The optimal pump function, which is most like the baby's natural pattern, is fairly high pressure for a few seconds, then release. Cheaper pumps use less pressure but for longer periods of time, which is more damaging to tissues. Meine zwei pfennige, Marcia McCoy, cold in Minnesota *********************************************** The LACTNET mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software together with L-Soft's LSMTP(TM) mailer for lightning fast mail delivery. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html