Dear Lactneters,
Buring the mindnight oil tonight looking for some info on the incidence of
postpartum depression in breastfeeding and bottle feeding mothers. Found
plenty of info about the general incidence PPD, but would really like some
good data which specifically adresses a difference between the two modes of
feeding. I found these two abstracts which might be of interest, but am
really looking for some larger studies. Does anyone know of any larger
studies? I've checked the archives and medline and I don't think I've missed
anything - but just incase?
yours
Sara Bernard
The Netherlands
1: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998 Jul;23(5):465-75.
Hormonal aspects of postpartum depression.
Abou-Saleh MT, Ghubash R, Karim L, Krymski M, Bhai I.
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and
Health
Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Plasma cortisol, prolactin, oestrogen, progesterone, thyroxine, thyrotrophin
(TSH) were collected from 23 pregnant, 70 postpartum women at 7 days
postpartum, and 38 non-gravid controls. Sixty two postpartum women were
screened for
depression by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) on day 7 after
delivery and 34 of them were assessed by the Present State Examination (PSE)
at 8 +/- 2 weeks after delivery. Postpartum women had a significantly
greater level
of cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine and oestrogen than non-puerperal women.
Postpartum women with current depression (EPDS > or = 11) had significantly
lower plasma prolactin levels than those without depression and those who
developed depression within 6-10 weeks after delivery (PSE level > or = 5)
had significantly lower plasma prolactin and significantly greater
progesterone levels than those who were not depressed. There were
significant correlations between age and plasma cortisol and prolactin
levels. Higher thyroxine levels predicted greater severity of concurrent
symptoms of depression (total EPDS
score) whilst higher progesterone and lower prolactin levels predicted the
occurrence of depression (total PSE score) 6-10 weeks after delivery. Women
who breastfed had significantly lower EPDS and total PSE scores and higher
plasma
prolactin levels than those who did not breastfed their infants whilst women
who had previous episodes of depression had significantly greater EPDS and
PSE scores, lower prolactin and higher TSH levels than those who had not
suffered
from previous episodes of depression.
Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1995;22(4):321-5.
Mood and hormonal changes during late pregnancy and puerperium.
Asher I, Kaplan B, Modai I, Neri A, Valevski A, Weizman A.
Sha'ar Menashe Psychiatric Hospital, Hadera.
The present study was designed to assess the relationship between puerperal
hormonal changes and mood. Twenty-five postpartum physically and mentally
healthy, drug-free women were included in the study; seven later dropped
out.
Blood samples 'were drawn between 8 and 9 a.m. just prior to delivery, and
again three days after delivery, before discharge. Blood levels of LH TSH,
FSH, estrogen and prolactin were determined. Three days after delivery, a
psychiatric
interview was conducted during which psychometric rating scales (Brief
Psychiatric Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression and Hamilton Anxiety Rating
Scales, and Beck Depression Inventory) were completed. The rate of change in
hormonal blood levels was analyzed in relation to the scores on the rating
scales. Results showed that the rise in prolactin plasma levels had a
negative and significant correlation with the scores on the Hamilton anxiety
scale. This may indicate that high prolactin plasma levels, associated with
milk production, may lead to lower anxiety levels in lactating women.
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