This is in response to Germaine Lambergs' request for studies correlating the use of pacifiers with shorter duration of breastfeeding. Some researchers also look at the association between formula and early cessation of breastfeeding, as well as the association between bottles and early termination of the breastfeeding course. Will send those studies along shortly (have reached the maximum of 2 posts permitted daily). In the meantime, here are more studies, this time from researchers who looked at the association of pacifier use with both exclusive and total breastfeeding duration.
In 26 additional studies from 1993 to 2009, researchers found an association between pacifier use and early termination of exclusive breastfeeding as well as the overall breastfeeding course:
Aarts C, Hörnell A, Kylberg E, Hofvander Y, Gebre-Medhin M. Breastfeeding patterns in relation to thumbsucking and pacifier use. Pediatrics 1999;104;e50.
Audi CAF, Corrêa AMS, Latorre MRDO. Complementary feeding and factors associated to breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding among infant up to 12 months of age, Itapira, São Paulo, 1999. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 2003;3(1):85-93.
Barros FC, Victora CG, Semer TC, Tonioli Filho S, Tomasi E, Weiderpass E. Use of pacifiers is associated with decreased breast-feeding duration. Pediatrics 1995;95:497-499.
Chaves RG, Lamounier JA, César CC. Factors associated with duration of breastfeeding. Jornal de Pediatria (Rio J) 2007;83(3):241-246.
Clements MS, Mitchell EA, Wright SP, Esmail A, Jones DR, Ford RPK. Influences on breast-feeding in southeast England. Acta Paediatrica 1997;86:51-56.
Cotrim LC, Venancio SI, Escuder MML. Pacifier use and breast-feeding in children under four months old in the State of São Paulo. Revista Brasil de Saúde Materno Infantil 2002;2(3):245-252.
Cunha AJ, Leite AM, Machado MM. Breastfeeding and pacifier use in Brazil. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 2005;72(3):209-212.
Dulon M, Kersting M, Schach S. Duration of breastfeeding and associated factors in Western and Eastern Germany. Acta Paediatrica 2001;90:931-935.
Ford RPK, Mitchell EA, Scragg R, Stewart AW, Taylor BJ, Allen EM. Factors adversely associated with breast feeding in New Zealand. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 1994;30:483-489.
Hörnell A, Aarts C, Kylberg E, Hofvander Y, Gebre-Medhin M. Breastfeeding patterns in exclusively breastfed infants: a longitudinal prospective study in Uppsala, Sweden. Acta Paediatrica 1999;88:203-211.
Howard CR, Howard FM, Lanphear B, Eberly S, deBlieck EA, Oakes D, Lawrence RA. Randomized clinical trial of pacifier use and bottle feeding or cup feeding and their effect on breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2003;111(3):511-518.
Howard CR, Howard FM, Lanphear B, deBlieck EA, Eberly S, Lawrence RA. The effects of early pacifier use on breastfeeding duration. Pediatrics 1999;103(3):e33.
Kelmanson IA. Use of a pacifier and behavioural features in 2-4-month-old infants. Acta Paediatrics 1999;88:1258-1261.
Kronborg H, Vaeth M. How are effective breastfeeding technique and pacifier use related to breastfeeding problems and breastfeeding duration? Birth 2009;36(1):34-42.
Moimaz Suzely AS, Zina LG, Saliba NA, Saliba O. Association between breast-feeding practices and sucking habits: A cross-sectional study of children in their first year of life. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 2008;26(3):102-106.
Nelson EAS, Yu LM, Williams S, International Child Care Practices Study Group Members. International Child Care Practices Study: Breastfeeding and pacifier use. Journal of Human Lactation 2005;21(3):289-285.
Ramos CV, Almeida JAG, da Costa Alberto NSM, Teles JBM, Saldiva SRDM. Diagnosis of the situation with breastfeeding in Piauí State, Brazil. Caderno De Saúde Pública 2008;24(8):1753-1762.
Riva E, Banderali G, Agostoni C, Silano M, Radaelli G, Giovannini M. Factors associated with initiation and duration of breastfeeding in Italy. Acta Paediatrica 1999;88:411-415.
Saliba NA, Zina LG, Moimaz SAS, Saliba O. Frequency and associated variables to breastfeeding among infant up to 12 months of age in Araҫatube, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil, Recife, 2008;8(4):481-490.
Scott JA, Binns CW, Oddy WH, Graham KI. Predictors of breastfeeding duration: Evidence from a cohort study. Pediatrics 2006;117:e646-e655.
Soares MEM, Giugliani ERJ, Braun ML, Salgado ACN, Oliveira AP, Aguiar PR. Pacifier use and its relationship with early weaning in infants born at a Child-Friendly Hospital. Jornal de Pediatria (Rio J) 2003;79:309-316.
Vannuchi MTO, Thomson Z, Escuder MML, Tacla MTGM, Vezozzo KMK, Castro LMCP, Oliveira MMB, Venancio SI. Breastfeeding profile in babies below one year old in the municipality of Londrina, State of Parana, Brazil. Revista Brasileira Saúde Materno Infantil 2005;5(2):155-162.
Victora CG, Behague DP, Barros FC, Olinto MTA, Weiderpass E. Pacifier use and short breastfeeding duration: cause, consequence, or coincidence? Pediatrics 1997;99:445-453.
Victora CG, Tomasi E, Olinto MTA, Barros FC. Use of pacifiers and breastfeeding duration. The Lancet 1993;341:404-406.
Vieira GO, Almeida JAG, Silva LR, Cabral VA, Netto PVS. Breast feeding and weaning associated factors, Feira de Santana, Bahia. Revista Brasil de Saúde Materno Infantil 2004;4(2):143-150.
Vogel AM, Hutchinson BL, Mitchell EA. The impact of pacifier use in breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study. Journal of Paediatric and Child Health 2001;37:58-63.
Debra Swank, RN BSN IBCLC
Ocala FL USA
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