Thank you for your response. There are some references cited that I had not 
read. 

What I really wonder is what we practioners do with this information. 
I am hoping to get Tom Hale's "take" on this & possibly Jack Newman's 
Canadian thoughts.
The thought that at least one infant death has been attributed to morphine 
overdose due to maternal codeine, (in a vulnerable woman) is of interest. 

Standing postbirth analgesics for women in Seattle includes codeine; possible 
a need for further reflaction concerning this. 

Thank you for your feedback.

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