From the latest Pediatrics:
Late-Onset Septicemia in a Norwegian National Cohort of  Extremely Premature 
Infants Receiving Very Early Full Human Milk Feeding 
Objectives. To investigate the occurrence of and  risk factors for late-onset 
septicemia (LOS) in a national cohort of  extremely premature infants who 
received very early full human milk  feeding.  
Results.  Enteral feeding with human milk was  initiated within the third day 
for 98% of patients, and 92% were  receiving full enteral feeding (FEF) with 
human milk within the third  week. Both high Clinical Risk Index for Babies 
scores and an  umbilical venous catheter in situ at 7 days of age significantly  
predicted LOS. However, the overall most influential risk factor for  LOS was 
the number of days without establishment of FEF with human  milk, with an 
adjusted relative risk of 3.7 (2.0–6.9) for LOS if FEF  was not established 
within the second week of life.  
Conclusions. The incidence and case fatality rate of septicemia for this 
cohort of extremely preterm infants were lower than values in comparable studies. 
The main difference, compared with other studies, was the feeding practice, 
and the data suggest that very early FEF with human milk significantly reduces 
the risk of LOS among extremely premature infants. 
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/115/3/e269?etoc



Kathleen Fallon  Pasakarnis, M.Ed. IBCLC
Nurturing Family Lactation and Parenting  Services

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