"Short duration of breast-feeding as a risk factor for B-cell autoantibodies in 5 year old children from the general population."  Holmberg et al. British J of Nutrition (2007) 97, 111-116
" the positive association between a short duration of both total and exclusive breast-feeding, as well as an early introduction of formula, and positivity for B-cell autoantibodies in children from the general population suggests that breast-feeding modifies the risk of B-cell autoimmunity, even years after finished breast-feeding."
"Age at first introduction to complementary foods is associated with sociodemographic factors in children with increased genetic risk of developing Type 1 diabetes."Aronsson et al. Matern Child Nutr (2015) ; 11(4), 803-814.
"Current evidence on the associations of breastfeeding, infant formula, and cow's milk introduction with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review." Patelarou et al. 
(2012) Nutrition Reviews 70 (9):509-519."The results of this systematic review indicate a short duration and/or a lack of breastfeeding may constitute a risk factor for the development of T1D later in life."
"Does breastfeeding influence risk of type 2 diabetes in later life? A quantitative analysis of published evidence" Owen et al. (2006) AM J Clin Nutr: 84; 1043-1054.  "Breastfeeding in infancy is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, with lower insulin concentrations in later life, and with lower blood glucose and serum    insulin concentrations in infancy."
An important thing to remember is that duration plays a big part in articles about benefits of breastfeeding.  Older articles may say it doesn't make a difference when the duration that they are using is 6 weeks or 12 weeks and so on.  And the unrecognized supplementation of just one bottle in the nursery can be a big risk factor.  From recent emails it makes you wonder about nurses slipping the baby a sip, when they should be taking baby to mom instead.  Of course, we all know baby belongs with mom and not in a nursery.....Pat in SNJ

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