Epidemiologically speaking, there does seem to be some evidence of a link
between male sex and hyperbilirubinemia. Some of the more recent citations
on this:
Bracci R, Buonocore G, Garosi G, Bruchi S, Berni S. Epidemiologic study of
neonatal jaundice. A survey of contributing factors. Acta Paediatr Scand
Suppl. 1989;360:87-92. PMID: 2642257
"Higher maximum bilirubin level was found in males compared to females"
Seidman DS, Ergaz Z, Paz I, Laor A, Revel-Vilk S, Stevenson DK, Gale R.
Predicting the risk of jaundice in full-term healthy newborns: a prospective
population-based study. J Perinatol. 1999 Dec;19(8 Pt 1):564-7. PMID:
10645520
"Other factors considered in the regression model but not found to be
significantly related to jaundice included...newborn sex..."
Knudsen A, Ebbesen F. Cephalocaudal progression of jaundice in newborns
admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Biol Neonate. 1997;71(6):357-61.
PMID: 9197337
"Furthermore, the cephalocaudal progression of jaundice seemed more extended
in females compared to males."
Phuapradit W, Chaturachinda K, Auntlamai S. Risk factors for neonatal
hyperbilirubinemia. J Med Assoc Thai. 1993 Aug;76(8):424-8. PMID: 7964243
"No significant relationship emerged between hyperbilirubinemia and fetal
sex..."
Yu MW, Hsiao KJ, Wuu KD, Chen CJ. Association between glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase deficiency and neonatal jaundice: interaction with multiple
risk factors. Int J Epidemiol. 1992 Oct;21(5):947-52. PMID: 1468858
"A significant association between G-6-PD deficiency and neonatal jaundice
was observed in male but not female neonates. There was an inverse
dose-response relation between G-6-PD activity and neonatal jaundice among
male neonates.
Owa JA, Dawodu AH. Neonatal jaundice among Nigerian preterm infants. West
Afr J Med. 1990 Oct-Dec;9(4):252-7. PMID: 2083201
"The incidence of jaundice among 292 preterm infants over an 18-month period
was 71.2%. The male: female ratio was 1:1.04."
Gale R, Seidman DS, Dollberg S, Stevenson DK. Epidemiology of neonatal
jaundice in the Jerusalem population. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1990
Jan;10(1):82-6. PMID: 2324884
"We found that a high bilirubin level was significantly associated with male
sex... Male sex, short gestation, and delivery by vacuum extraction were
other notable risk factors.
Hodr R. ABO haemolytic disease: sex ratio and blood groups in the newborns
requiring treatment. Czech Med. 1989;12(3):125-33. PMID: 2509171
In our group of newborns we have observed that the rate of occurrence of
incompatibility states between blood group 0 mothers and their blood group A
or B offspring amounted to 14%. It was in every tenth newborn that this
incompatibility became manifest as a haemolytic disease requiring treatment.
There were no significant differences between blood group A or B newborn
infants, either in the frequency rates of hyperbilirubinaemia or in the
uniformly indicated therapeutical measures. Among the neonates treated
successfully by phototherapy boys prevailed significantly. In contrast,
among the most severe forms of the ABO haemolytic disease, requiring blood
exchange transfusion, there was a significantly higher prevalence of girls.
In relationship to the time of institution of phototherapy as a method of
treatment, there occurred a significant decrease of the rates of newborns
treated by exchange transfusion. This was due specially to a significant
decrease of the necessity of performing this procedure in blood group A
boys.
Maisels MJ, Gifford K, Antle CE, Leib GR. Jaundice in the healthy newborn
infant: a new approach to an old problem. Pediatrics. 1988 Apr;81(4):505-11.
PMID: 3353184
"A serum bilirubin concentration greater than 12.9 mg/dL was associated
strongly with...male sex..."
Fok TF, Lau SP, Hui CW. Neonatal jaundice: its prevalence in Chinese babies
and associating factors. Aust Paediatr J. 1986 Aug;22(3):215-9. PMID:
3767789
"Factors that were found to have an association with a higher peak SB
concentration included: male infants; ..."
Kehyayan E, Galdi I, Pellicciotta G, Girardi AM, Caviezel F. Effect of
phototherapy on plasma levels of GH, LH and FSH in the newborn. J Endocrinol
Invest. 1985 Dec;8(6):561-5. PMID: 3938791
"Hyperbilirubinemic female newborn showed higher plasma GH concentrations in
comparison with hyperbilirubinemic males and with controls... Moreover, PhT
[phototherapy] determined a slight trend to increase in FSH of females, and
did not modify the physiological decline of LH in both sexes during the
first five days of life."
Katherine Shealy
Atlanta, GA USA
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