Did you mean a baby who's had surgery or the mom who's had surgery?
Regarding baby-I believe the Lactnet archives has a lot on this.
There was quite a bit of discussion a couple months ago about
whether human milk should be considered clear or full liquid.
Regarding mom-Dr Tom Hale's new book (not the red one but Clinical
Therapy in Breastfeeding Mothers-or something close to that-my copy
is at work) discussed anesthesia.  In general as soon as mom is
awake enough to handle aby she should be able to nurse.  After all,
why does a person wake up after anesthesia?  Because enough of the
drug has left her system that it's no longer having it's effect.
Winnie Mading, IBCLC

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