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Subject:
From:
Katharine West <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Lactation Information and Discussion <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Sun, 29 Dec 2002 13:24:56 -0800
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Well, this request got my curiosity up and it got me out of lurking (for 2
years now?) and posting! So just for the record, other than at least a
bazillion favorable recommendations for using HMF, I did dredge up a few
things of interest (following)

Katharine West, MPH, MSN, RN
Sherman Oaks, CA

P.S. FYI for all, I actually, really, and truly finished my master's degree in
nursing, including doing grounded theory research on “Perinatal Experiences of
Women in a Rural California County” (and actually identified a Basic Social
Process), and achieved becoming a Clinical Nurse Specialist in Parent-Child
healthcare, presently working with the California Newborn Hearing Screening
Program. Still interested in breastfeeding.

****************************
So, in no particular order, the gentle anti-HMF considerations I found are:

Considerations when concentrating or supplementing formulas:
http://gucfm.georgetown.edu/welchjj/netscut/neonatology/neonatal_nutrition/neonatal_enteral_additives.html
*****
From Dr. Mary O'Connor's website, note the 3rd paragraph considerations:
http://www.breastfeedingbasics.org/cgi-bin/deliver.cgi/content/Growth/pre03_very_low_birth_weight.html
*****
Slight caution mentioned in Main Results but not in Conclusions:
http://www.nichd.nih.gov/cochrane/kuschel/kuschel.HTM
*****
Warning that, by itself, HMF is nutritionally incomplete:
http://healthanswers.telstra.com/drugdata/appco/00018604.asp
*****
A parent's anecdotal caution:
http://home.vicnet.net.au/~garyh/preemie_forum/old-messages/13318.html
*****
Helpful table comparing Tsang et al's recommendations with nutrients of 3
international HMFs:
http://www.obgyn.net/fm/articles/nutrition2_lafeber.htm
*****
Quotes from a 1997 International Peds Chat,
http://users.aol.com/dwbs33a/pediatrics/log2-3-97.htm
these cautions were voiced:
<kay> I think the advantage of no fortifiers, if it is safe, is that I baby is

not receiving foreign substances in an immature gut.
JuliusEd> that is for sure
<kay> Also the message to the mother that her milk is not "good" enough.
<JuliusEd> are there documented problems from using fortifiers like increase
nec
<JuliusEd> that is a bad message
<kay> Yes, I think we have studies to show less NEC with totally breastmilk
fed babies.
<kay> One suggestion I heard was that if a baby is on a human milk fortifier,
that it should be removed for at least three days before the mother takes
her baby home so she will have time to see that her baby can gain weight on
her milk alone.
<kay> Lucas and colleagues postulated that the low mineral content in human
milk operates during a nutritional "critical" period" to program the body to
conserve calcium and phosphorus, so that in later childhood the body uses
and stores these minerals more completely.
<JuliusEd> it sounds good
<kay> Although these results suggest that fortification of human milk is
unnecessary, the AAP currently recommends the preterm infants receive their
own mother's milk with fortifiers.
<GaryM> Any problem with fortifiers predisposing to NEC??
<kay> Yes, there is more nec with mix of human milk and artificial milk.
*****
In this study from 2000, results mention that there were increased incidences
of gastric residuals and distention in the CF (commercial fortifier) group:
http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/abstract/106/3/581
*****

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