<<Date: Thu, 29 May 2003 14:37:02 -0400
From: Karen Koss <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: stopping bf by two weeks
I have been asked to provide citations indicating that bf dropout rates are very
high in the US during the first two weeks postpartum.
Any suggestions?
Thanks in advance.
Karen Koss
Michigan, USA>>
Hi Karen,
Here are references I have found related to this. Most of these are from very
small studies. I would welcome hearing of others as these are for a literature
review for my thesis.
Weaning in the early weeks:
Brownell, Hutton, Hartman, & Dabrow, 2002)--25 African-American adolescents, 13
initiated, only 4 made it to 5 days.
Ertem, Votto, and Leventhal (2001)-- 64 women (mostly African-American and
Puerto Rican, single, WIC) --found that 25 % of the mothers they surveyed who
initiated breastfeeding weaned during the first week.
In a national survey of 874 mothers enrolled in the WIC program, Baydar, McCann,
Williams, and Vesper (1997), found that one quarter of mothers stopped by the
end of the second week and one half by the end of the second month.
Gross et al. (1998) 115 African-American WIC clients--the statistics were a
little confusing in this but it appears that at 7-10 days, 53% of a control
group were breastfeeding, as opposed to 67%, 72%, and 80% of those receiving
various interventions.
Pugh, Milligan, and Brown (2001) study of 20 low-income, mainly minority women
have a chart that shows a 20% drop in the percent still breastfeeding at one
week.
Schwartz, D'Arcy, Gillespie, Bobo, Longeway, and Foxman (2002) also just give a
chart. Out of 235 Nebraska women, it looks like about 10% quit by week two and
this drop was the greatest; of 711 Michigan women, it looks like only 1-2% quit
by week 2.
Brent, Redd, Dworetz, D'Amico, and Greenberg (1995) low income sample of 108,
61% and 32% initiation for treatment and control groups and 47% and 18%
respective duration at two weeks.
Coombs, Reynolds, Joyner, and Blankson (1998) out of 66 low-income women
studied, 70% had quit within 3-4 weeks.
Tuttle and Dewey (1995) in a study of Hmong women had 24 out of 63 initiate
breastfeeding of these 17.5% were still breastfeeding at 3-6 weeks postpartum
(as opposed to historical comparison group with 5.4% breastfeeding at 3-6
weeks).
Weaning in early months:
Charts from the US Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 1997) show the sharpest drops for all ethnicities in the
first month, overall rates look like they drop around 10%.
In a study of Canadian women, Matthews, Webber, McKim, Banoub-Baddour, & Laryea
(1998) reported that 35% of the 390 women who began breastfeeding, and all the
women (11) who both breast and formula-fed in the hospital, had given up
breastfeeding by one month.
Arora, McJunkin, Wehrer, and Kuhn (2000) found that one quarter of the women
they studied had switched to bottle-feeding by one month.
Avery, Duckett, Dodgson, Savik, and Henly (1998) noted that 14% of their sample
of 602 women had weaned to formula by four weeks.
DiGirolamo, Grummer-Strawn, and Fein (2001) found that 17% of the women they
surveyed weaned by six weeks.
Li et al. (2003) found sharper drops in any breastfeeding between two and three
months, with the sharpest decline in exclusive breastfeeding between three and
four months.
References
Arlotti, J. P., Cottrell, B. H., Lee, S. H., & Curtin, J. J. (1998).
Breastfeeding among low-income women with and without peer support. Journal of
Community Health Nursing, 15, 163-178.
Arora, S., McJunkin, C., Wehrer, J., & Kuhn, P. (2000). Major factors
influencing breastfeeding rates: Mother's perception of father's attitude and
milk supply. Pediatrics, 106 (5), E67.
Avery, M., Duckett, L., Dodgson, J., Savik, K., & Henly, S. J. (1998). Factors
associated with very early weaning among primiparas intending to breastfeed.
Maternal and Child Health Journal, 2, 167-179.
Baydar, N., McCann, M., Williams, R., & Vesper, E. (1997). Final report: WIC
infant feeding practices study. Alexandria, VA: U.S.D.A.
Brent, N. B., Redd, B., Dworetz, A., D'Amico, F., & Greenberg, J. J. (1995).
Breast-feeding in a low-income population: Program to increase incidence and
duration. Archives of pediatrics and adolescent medicine, 149, 798-803
Brownell, K., Hutton, L., Hartman, J., & Dabrow, S. (2002). Barriers to
breastfeeding among African American adolescent mothers. Clinical Pediatrics,
41, 669-673.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). Pediatric Nutrition
Surveillance: 1997 Full Report. Atlanta: U. S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Coombs, D. W., Reynolds, K., Joyner, G., & Blankson, M. (1998). A self-help
program to increase breastfeeding among low-income women. Journal of Nutrition
Education, 30, 203-209.
DiGirolamo, A. M., Grummer-Strawn, L. M., Fein, S. (2001). Maternity care
practices:implications for breastfeeding. Birth, 28, 94-100.
Ertem, I. O., Votto, N., & Leventhal, J.M. (2001). The timing and predictors of
the early termination of breastfeeding. Pediatrics, 107, 543-548.
Gross, S. M., Caulfield, L. E., Bentley, M. E., Bronner, Y., Kessler, L.,
Jensen, J., & Paige, D. M. (1998). Counseling and motivational videotapes
increase duration of breast-feeding in African-American WIC participants who
initiate breast-feeding. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98,
143-148.
Li, R., Zhao, Z., Mokdad, A., Barker, L., & Grummer-Strawn, L. (2003).
Prevalence of
breastfeeding in the United States: The 2001 National Immunization Survey.
Pediatrics, 111, 1198-1201.
Matthews, K., Webber, K., McKim, E., Banoub-Baddour, S. & Laryea, M. (1998).
Maternal infant-feeding decisions: Reasons and influences. Canadian Journal of
Nursing Research, 30, 177-198.
Pugh, L. C., Milligan, R. A. & Brown, L. P. (2001) The breastfeeding support
team for low-income, predominately minority women: A pilot intervention study.
Health Care for Women International, 22, 501-515.
Schwartz, K., D'Arcy, H. J. S., Gillespie, B., Bobo, J., Longeway, M., &
Foxman, B. (2002). Factors associated with weaning in the first 3 months
postpartum. The Journal of Family Practice, 51, 439-444.
Tuttle, C. R. & Dewey, K. G. (1995). Impact of a breastfeeding promotion program
for Hmong women at selected WIC sites in northern California. Journal of
Nutrition Education, 27, 69-74.
--
Esther Schiedel,
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