Hi Julia:

I have a list of about 30 references from a really excellent presentation on exclusively pumping mothers.  Not all the references are pertinent.  Why don't you email me off list with the specifics of what you want references for so that I don't have to sort through the whole list, but can send you the most relevant articles.

I think the important part is that babies who are not fed from the breast may be deprived of skin-to-skin and interaction.  Basically if you take the amount of time they should be feeding from the breast -- 20-50 minutes for 8-12 times per day -- -babies should have between 160 to 600 minutes a day of skin to skin contact with their mothers.  If you add this to the amount of time mothers need to pump of 80 - 200 minutes per day, you are looking at 240 - 800 minutes.

Just because the baby isn't on the breast doesn't mean that mothers should deprive their infants of the contact that they need.

Best, Susan Burger

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