Here is a reference:Infant crying: nature, physiologic consequences, and 
select interventions.
Neonatal Netw. 2002 Mar;21(2):29-36.
Ludington-Hoe SM, Cong X, Hashemi F. 

This article describes the nature of infant crying, the physiologic events 
and changes associated with it, and appropriate nursing interventions for infant 
crying. A cry is a series of four movements that basically resembles a 
Valsalva maneuver. Documented immediate and long-term sequelae of crying include 
increased heart rate and blood pressure, reduced oxygen level, elevated cerebral 
blood pressure, initiation of the stress response, depleted energy reserves 
and oxygen, interrupted mother-infant interaction, brain injury, and cardiac 
dysfunction. Caregivers are encouraged to answer infant cries swiftly, 
consistently, and comprehensively. Kangaroo care is an efficient method for preventing, 
minimizing, and halting crying. Other interventions for crying include 
swaddled holding, a pacifier, sugar water, a sweet-tasting nonsucrose solution, 
heartbeat sounds, distraction by lullabies or mother's voice, rhythmic movement, 
and reduction of external stimuli.   11923998

Fritzi Drosten RN IBCLC
Piedmont, CA

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