Dear Tonya,

Here are 4 newer cupfeeding references.

For the pediatrician you work with who "is concerned about aspiration and
wants some data," the best reference would be the Howard article:  98
term, healthy newborns were randomized to either cup- or bottle-feeding.
There were no significant differences in administration time, amounts
ingested or overall heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen
saturation rates, between cup and bottle groups.  Breastfed infants had
longer administration times and lower overall HR, RR, and higher O2
saturation as compared with cup- and bottle-fed infants.

Notice, also, that our friend Ruth Lawrence was one of the investigators
in this study!  :)

Gupta A, Khanna K, Chattree S:  Cup feeding: an alternative to bottle
feeding in a neonatal intensive care unit.  J Trop Pediatr 1999
Apr;45(2):108-10

Howard CR, de Blieck EA, ten Hoopen CB, Howard FM, Lanphear BP, Lawrence
RA:  Physiologic stability of newborns during cup- and bottle-feeding.
Pediatrics 1999 Nov;104(5 Pt 2):1204-7

Kliethermes PA, et al.  Transitioning preterm infants with nasogastric
tube supplementation: increased likelihood of breastfeeding.  J Obstet
Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1999 May-Jun;28(3):264-73.

Malhotra N, Vishwambaran L, Sundaram KR, Narayanan I.  A controlled trial
of alternative methods of oral feeding in neonates.  Early Hum Dev 1999
Feb;54(1):29-38.

Ginna Wall, MN, IBCLC, Lactation Services Coordinator
University of Washington Medical Center, Mailbox 356078
1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle WA 98195
Voicemail: (206)598-6368, Fax: (206)598-7665

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