Helen,

The entero-mammary and broncho-mammary pathways are very well explained in the article "How
Breastfeeding Protects the Newborn" by our own Jack Newman in the journal Scientific American.
I believe it was published in 1995. It even has diagrams! I don't have the exact reference as it
is at work but I'll send it to you tommorow.  It is one of the "standard" articles that I give
to all new residents doing their obstetric, pediatric or neonatology placements at our hospital
and to all new nurses on our perinatal unit.  I also make a point of explaining the concept in
simple terms to parents, especially parents of premature and ill babies. It helps explain why
their presence in the NICU, Kangaroo Care, and breastfeeding are so important.

Genevieve Courant BScN MSc IBCLC
Sudbury, Ontario CANADA
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