Doesn't help our discussion.

Before I paste, let me remind us that a few molecules of alcohol in milk is
insignificant, never shown to make a problem, and insignificant to the
risks of formula, which contains GMO ingredients, phytoestrogens, alien fat
forms, too much sugar and MSG.

Lactational State Modifies Alcohol Pharmacokinetics in Women

 Marta Yanina Pepino,  Allison L. Steinmeyer, and  Julie A. Mennella

From the Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Abstract

 Background—Given the physiological adaptations of the digestive system
during lactation, the present study tested the hypothesis that lactation
alters alcohol pharmacokinetics.

 Methods—Lactating women who were exclusively breastfeeding a 2- to
5-month-old infant and 2 control groups of nonlactating women were studied.
The first control group consisted of women who were exclusively
formula-feeding similarly aged infants, whereas the other consisted of
women who had never given birth. A within-subjects design study was
conducted such that women drank a 0.4 g/kg dose of alcohol following a
12-hour overnight fast during one test session (fasted condition) or 60
minutes after consuming a standard breakfast during the other (fed
condition). Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels and mood states were
obtained at fixed intervals before and after alcohol consumption.

 Results—Under both conditions, the resultant BAC levels at each time point
were significantly lower and the area under the blood alcohol time curve
were significantly smaller in lactating women when compared with the 2
groups of nonlactating women. That such changes were due to lactation per
se and not due to recent parturient events was suggested by the finding
that alcohol pharmacokinetics of nonlactating mothers, who were tested at a
similar time postpartum, were no different from women who had never given
birth. Despite lower BAC levels in lactating mothers, there were no
significant differences among the 3 groups of women in the stimulant
effects of alcohol.

However, lactating women did differ in the sedative effects of alcohol when
compared with nulliparous but not formula-feeding mothers. That is, both
groups of parous women felt sedated for shorter periods of time when
compared with nulliparous women.

 Conclusions—The systemic availability of alcohol was diminished during
lactation. However, the reduced availability of alcohol in lactating women
did not result in corresponding changes in the subjective effects of
alcohol."

 Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 June ; 31(6): 909–918.

warmly,
-- 
Nikki Lee RN, BSN, Mother of 2, MS, IBCLC, CCE, CIMI, ANLC, CKC
Reviews Editor,* Clinical Lactation*
www.nikkileehealth.com
https://www.facebook.com/nikkileehealth
*Communications are confidential and meant only for whom they are
addressed.*

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