Dear all,
I was asked to provide references for my recent comments about nipple 
shields.
Regarding the 3 studies showing decrease in milk transfer for healthy 
nursing infants:

Woolridge MW, Baum JD, Drewett RF. Effect of a traditional and of a new 
nipple shield on sucking patterns and milk flow. /Early Hum Dev/. 
1980;4:357-364.
Amatayakul K, Vutyavanich T, Tanthayaphinant O, et al. Serum prolactin 
and cortisol levels after suckling for varying periods of time and the 
effect of a nipple shield. /Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand/. 1987;66:47-51.

Auerbach KG. The effect of nipple shields on maternal milk volume. /J 
Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs/. 1990;19:419-427.


Regarding the only 2 studies done on premature infants, which are chart 
reviews:

Clum D, Primomo J. Use of a silicone nipple shield with premature 
infants. /J Hum Lact/. 1996;12:287-290.
Meier PP, Brown LP, Hurst NM, et al. Nipple shields for preterm infants: 
Effect on milk transfer and duration of breastfeeding. /J Hum Lact/. 
2000;16:106-14; quiz 129-31.

If anyone has other questions re references let me know. I have a  
thorough annotated bib that I can send to people.
Anne
Anne Eglash MD
Clinical Associate Professor
Dept of Family Medicine
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
600 N. 8th St.
Mount Horeb, WI, 53572
608-437-3064 (O)
608-437-4542 (fax)

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