From Jelliffe, Derrick B., and E.F. Patrice Jelliffe  1979 Human Milk in the
Modern World, Oxford Medical Publications, page 289.

"Mortality Rates
        The effects of the method of feeding on mortality in the neonatal
and post-neonatal periods, and in infancy are well demonstrated by Scrimshaw
et al. (1968) (Table 12.10) in data collected in seven Punjab villages in
the years 1955-59.  The infant-mortality rate in the artificially fed was
950 per 1000 live births compared with 120 in the breast-fed.  Differences
were in large measure realted to diarrheal disease and malnutrition, but
also include other conditions, such as respiratory-tract infections, whose
effects are often underemphasized."  

The table shows the specific number of deaths during the first month for
those bottle-fed from birth, 750/1000 died during the first month if
bottle-fed from birth.  Another 200/1000 died from month 1 to 12 if
bottle-fed.  

This is just one example, there are many many studies documenting that
formula kills babies in Third World countries.  

Here's an excerpt from my current book, talking about the continued effect
of breastfeeding on the mortality rates of children beyond one year of age:

"Conversely, in studies that collect data on mortality as well as
nutritional status, one can see that the apparent better nutritional status
of the already weaned group comes at the cost of many lives.  This is
clearly demonstrated in the study of breastfeeding, diarrhoeal disease and
child mortality in Guinea-Bissau carried out by Mølbak and colleagues
(Mølbak et al., 1994).  They found that still-breastfeeding children in the
12-35 month age category did indeed have lower anthropometric scores than
already weaned children of the same ages.  However, they also found that the
mortality rate among already weaned children was 3.5 times higher than the
rate among still-breastfeeding children."

Katherine A. Dettwyler, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Anthropology and Nutrition
Texas A&M University