In regards to pacifiers,

I did dig up the bib on pacifiers out of my computer and there are a few on
BF and complications.

J Human Lact 6 (2), 1990, Newman, "Breastfeeding Problems Associated with the
Early Introduction of Bottles and Pacifiers.

Lancet, Feb., 1993, 341:pp 404-406,  Cesar Victora, Elaine Tomasi, Maria
Olinto, F. Barros, "Use of Pacifiers and Breastfeeding Duration"

Pediatrics, Vol. 95 # 4, April 1995, pp. 497-499.  F. Barros, C. Victora, T.
Semer, S. Filho, E. Tomasi, E. Weiderpass, "Use of Pacifiers is Associated
with Decreased Breast-Feeding Duration".

Breastfeeding Review, Vol.II., # 8, Nov. 1993, CG Victora, E. Tomasi, MTA
Olinto, FC Barros, "Use of Pacifiers and Breastfeeding Duration".

I agree that pacifiers have their place when mom is unavailable for non
nutritive sucking, but unfortunately, they are abused and misused.

They ( I will not mention who) have done some studies in utero to see how the
infants thumb is sucked in utero- lenghth, placing, etc. to come up with a
premie pacifer.  I also have been informed through other studies that infants
do respond most to vanilla smells and to banana smells.  Amazing, they have
one pacifier to accomadate the vanilla, just waiting for the banana smelling
pacifier.

Pat Bull, RN, IBCLC
754 Raintree Dr.
Naperville, IL  60540
(708) 420-2172