These series of cage tests over 10 years ago with "winter" and spring bees fed different diets shows median longevities between 20 to 25 days and much longer for bees in hives. 'https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/60500500/PDFFiles/401-500/500-Rinderer--Seasonal%20inconsistencies%20in.pdf' *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html