Thought this one was interesting:



https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-023-04587-7



It appears the main take-away is as follows:



With more than 3000 data sets collected over 15 years, we were able to
confirm that big data sets and long study durations are key for robust
analyses: Only by summing the data for more than 11 years did a
statistically significant association between N. ceranae-, but not N.
apis-infection in the autumn and colony losses the following winter become
evident. This result indicated that at colony level N. ceranae is indeed
more virulent than N. apis confirming previous studies on N. ceranae-induced
colony losses. No such relation between N. ceranae-infections and colony
losses was observed when the data were analyzed year by year because the
prevalence of Nosema spp.-infections in autumn and the mortality rate among
these colonies are usually too low for statistical significance. This in
turn explains previous studies that did not support N. ceranae-induced
colony losses.


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