> So, if they are clustered, howcum I see bees flying at 50F and below?
They refer to outside temperatures from 39F to 46F. The value inside the hive but outside the cluster may be 10F higher but they are smart enough not to venture out. These are "optimum winter air temperatures under which the bee colony will consume the least amount of food stores" (Southwick & Moritz).
PLB
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