Breasts, Pumps and Bottles, and Unanswered Questions

*To cite this article:*
Felice Julia P. and Rasmussen Kathleen M.. Breastfeeding Medicine. October
2015, 10(9): 412-415.https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2015.0107
Data from the IFPS II,2,5–8 from our mixed-methods, longitudinal
investigation,9,10 and from other investigators11,12provide early insights
into the potential consequences of pumping and bottle feeding human milk.
These data support the possibility that pumping and bottle feeding human
milk modify the benefits of feeding at the breast to infants and *......*

 Infants should now be described by not only the proportion of human milk
they are fed, but also how often human milk feedings come from bottles (Fig.
2A) and how often they are fed at the breast versus from bottles (Fig. 2B).
Mothers must now be described by how often they remove milk from their
breasts both by feeding their infants at the breast (Fig. 2B) and by
pumping (Fig. 2C). This distinction is crucial because available data
indicate that it can no longer be assumed that mothers start and stop
producing human milk at the same time that their infants start and stop
consuming it.9,19 For example, mothers might feed their infants from a
frozen stock of surplus pumped milk long after they have stopped feeding at
the breast.

*Human milk microbiome differs between breastfeeding and pumping*
Pumped human milk microbiota differed from the microbiota of milk directly
fed from the breast, according to a study in *Cell Host & Microbe*.
Specifically, pumped breastmilk was consistently associated with multiple
microbiota parameters including enrichment of potential pathogens and
depletion of bifidobacteria. These data supported the retrograde
inoculation hypothesis, whereby the infant oral cavity impacts the milk
microbiota. Shirin Moossavi, MD, at the University of Manitoba and
Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,
was the lead author of the study involving 393 mother-infant dyads.
Laurie Wheeler, RN, MN, IBCLC

             ***********************************************

Archives: http://community.lsoft.com/archives/LACTNET.html
To reach list owners: [log in to unmask]
Mail all list management commands to: [log in to unmask]
COMMANDS:
1. To temporarily stop your subscription write in the body of an email: set lactnet nomail
2. To start it again: set lactnet mail
3. To unsubscribe: unsubscribe lactnet
4. To get a comprehensive list of rules and directions: get lactnet welcome