I believe the studies Ilene is referring to of children in orphanages
were described first by Rene Spitz. Do a Google search to get
thousands of descriptions of his work. One site is here:
http://family.jrank.org/pages/1232/Orphans-Early-Literature-on-
Institutionalization.html
Also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene_Spitz
John Bowlby was another who described the need for attachment to one
loving caretaker (mother) in his books, "Child Care and the Growth of
Love," and a series on "Attachment," "Separation," and "Loss."
Read about him here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bowlby
Anne Altshuler, RN, MS, IBCLC, LLLL
Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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